Working papers
2023
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ILO Working paper 86
Negotiations by workers in the informal economy
04 January 2023
This paper provides empirical evidence from Africa, Asia and the Americas on negotiations and collective bargaining by workers in the informal economy.
2022
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ILO Working paper 80
Realizing the opportunities of the platform economy through freedom of association and collective bargaining
30 September 2022
This study provides empirical evidence from different regions of the world to identify avenues for platform economy workers to access freedom of association and collective bargaining.
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ILO Working paper 62
Protection of workers’ personal data: General principles
05 May 2022
This working paper gives an overview of legal standards related to personal data protection. It explores trends, principles and good practices and brings them in relation to the world of work.
2021
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ILO Working paper 27
Platform work and the employment relationship
31 March 2021
This working paper analyses national and supranational case law and legislation about the employment status of platform workers. It does so by referring to the ILO Employment Relationship Recommendation, 2006 (No. 198). It finds that this Recommendation provides for a valuable compass to navigate the issues that emerge from the analysis of the existing case law and legislation about platform work.
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ILO Working paper 25
Homeworking in the Philippines: Bad job ? Good job ?
09 March 2021
This report focuses on two categories of homeworkers in the Philippines: industrial homeworkers, who assemble or fabricate goods for factories, retailers or their agents under subcontracting arrangements; and online workers, who render services to their clients or employers via telecommunications technologies and digital platforms.
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ILO Working paper 24
Online digital labour platforms in China: Working conditions, policy issues and prospects
02 February 2021
This paper summarizes the results of an ILO survey, conducted in 2019, of workers’ characteristics and working conditions on three major digital labour platforms in China.
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ILO Working paper 22
Home-based work and homework in Ghana: An exploration
22 January 2021
This research report explores the nature and character of home-based work and the more narrow concept of homework in Ghana.
2020
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ILO Working paper 21
Home bounded - Global outreach: Home-based workers in Turkey
18 December 2020
This report focuses on industrial home-based pieceworkers and IT-enabled remote workers, who are commonly referred to in Turkey as “freelancers”.
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ILO Working paper 5
Population Ageing: Alternative measures of dependency and implications for the future of work
08 June 2020
This paper examines the projected labour force participation trends of older workers to 2030 and discusses the future of economic dependency for developing, emerging and developed countries.
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ILO Working Paper 4
The regulation of collective dismissals: Economic rationale and legal practice
19 May 2020
This paper offers a legal and an economic analysis of collective dismissals procedures.
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ILO Working paper 1
"System needs update":Upgrading protection against cyberbullying and ICT-enabled violence and harassment in the world of work
13 February 2020
The term ‘cyberbullying’ has been used to describe aggressive conducts carried out through information and communication technologies (ICT), and can involve picture/video clips, emails, or social network sites, among others.
2019
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 106
Regulatory options for conflicts of law and jurisdictional issues in the on-demand economy
08 July 2019
Provides a global framework for thinking about the on-demand business model and assorted conflicts of law and jurisdictional issues.
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 104
Overtime work: A review of literature and initial empirical analysis
18 January 2019
An inter-disciplinary overview on how overtime issues are addressed by different academic disciplines. Examines the incidence of overtime work within the context of several distinct national employment regimes and industrial relations systems.
2018
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 105
An analysis of multiparty bargaining models for global supply chains
20 December 2018
Reviews one approach for realizing the goal of improving labour standards at the lower rungs of supply chains that has to date received relatively little scholarly attention: substantive, enforceable agreements between lead firms and unions or worker-based organizations.
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 97
Multi-employer collective bargaining in South Africa
12 June 2018
In South Africa, collective bargaining operates at multiple levels. The main distinction to draw is between single-employer bargaining and multi-employer bargaining.
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 103
On-call work in the Netherlands: trends, impact, and policy solutions
23 April 2018
Flexible work has steadily increased in the Dutch labour market and on-call employment represents the fastest growing group. Although on-call work is both the largest and the least institutionally regulated form of flexible employment, little is known on its developments and impacts.
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 102
On-call and related forms of casual work in New Zealand and Australia
23 April 2018
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 101
Zero-Hours Work in the United Kingdom
06 April 2018
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 95
Conceptualizing the role of intermediaries in formalizing domestic work
04 April 2018
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Conditions of Work and Employment Series No. 94
Organizing On-Demand: Representation, Voice, and Collective Bargaining in the Gig Economy
29 March 2018